EVOS M5000 in Infectious Disease & Immunology: Independent Studies — Wave 3 Part 2

Peer-reviewed studies discovered independently of Thermo Fisher's curated EVOS M5000 citations. Each paper was full-text verified to mention the EVOS M5000 Imaging System as a microscope. Cards link to Google Scholar, PubMed, PMC and DOI.

EVOS M5000IndependentWave 3

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LncRNA Airn alleviates diabetic cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting activation of cardiac fibroblasts via a m6A-IMP2-p53 axis.

Cell type: Fibroblast | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Cardiac fibrosis is a leading cause of cardiac dysfunction in patients with diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of the long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) Airn in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and its underlying mechanism. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced in

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Efficacy of Ultraviolet-C Devices for the Disinfection of Personal Protective Equipment Fabrics and N95 Respirators.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a plethora of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) disinfection products have come to market, especially in emerging economies. UV-C-based disinfection products for mobile phones, food packaging, face masks and personal protective equipment (PPE), and other everyday objects are available in popular electronic-commerce platfor

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Optimized ACE2 decoys neutralize antibody-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants through functional receptor mimicry and treat infection in vivo.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolves to escape natural antibodies, it also loses sensitivity to therapeutic antibody drugs. By contrast, evolution selects for binding to ACE2, the cell-surface receptor required for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Consistent with this, we find that an ACE2 decoy neutralizes antibody-resistant variants, including Omicron,

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CRISPR-mediated generation and characterization of a Gaa homozygous c.1935C>A (p.D645E) Pompe disease knock-in mouse model recapitulating human infantile onset-Pompe disease.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Pompe disease, an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficient lysosomal acid α-glucosidase (GAA), is characterized by accumulation of intra-lysosomal glycogen in skeletal and oftentimes cardiac muscle. The c.1935C>A (p.Asp645Glu) variant, the most frequent GAA pathogenic mutation in people of Southern Han Chinese ancestry, causes infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD), prese

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A minimal construct of nuclear-import receptor Karyopherin-β2 defines the regions critical for chaperone and disaggregation activity.

Cell type: Yeast | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Karyopherin-β2 (Kapβ2) is a nuclear-import receptor that recognizes proline-tyrosine nuclear localization signals of diverse cytoplasmic cargo for transport to the nucleus. Kapβ2 cargo includes several disease-linked RNA-binding proteins with prion-like domains, such as FUS, TAF15, EWSR1, hnRNPA1, and hnRNPA2. These RNA-binding proteins with prion-like domains are linked via pa

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Organic Light-Emitting Diode Based Fluorescence-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Immunodiagnostics have been widely used in the detection of disease biomarkers. The conventional immunological tests in central laboratories require expensive equipment and, for non-specialists, the tests are technically demanding and time-consuming, which has prevented their use by the public. Thus, point-of-care tests (POCT), such as lateral flow immunoassays, are being, or h

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Imbalance in the spinal serotonergic pathway induces aggravation of mechanical allodynia and microglial activation in carrageenan inflammation.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

This study investigated the effect of an excess and a deficit of spinal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on the mechanical allodynia and neuroglia activation in a rodent pain model of carrageenan inflammation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with an intrathecal (i.t.) catheter to administer the drug. To induce an excess or deficit of 5-HT in the spinal cord, animals were give

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Improvement of the intestinal epithelial barrier during laxative effects of phlorotannin in loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats.

Cell type: Epithelial | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Disruptions of the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) are frequently observed in various digestive diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study assessed the improvement in the IEB during the laxative activity of phlorotannin (Pt) harvested from Ecklonia cava in constipation by examining the changes in the expression of the

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Peptide-guided delivery improves the therapeutic efficacy and safety of glucocorticoid drugs for treating acute lung injury.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are life-threatening conditions with excessive inflammation in the lung. Glucocorticoids had been widely used for ALI/ARDS, but their clinical benefit remains unclear. Here, we tackled the problem by conjugating prednisolone (PSL) with a targeting peptide termed CRV. Systemically administered CRV selectively

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In vitro study to identify ligand-independent function of estrogen receptor-α in suppressing DNA damage-induced chondrocyte senescence.

Cell type: B cell | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

In osteoarthritis (OA), chondrocytes undergo many pathological alternations that are linked with cellular senescence. However, the exact pathways that lead to the generation of a senescence-like phenotype in OA chondrocytes are not clear. Previously, we found that loss of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) was associated with an increased senescence level in human chondrocytes. Since DN

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Combining ASBT inhibitor and FGF15 treatments enhances therapeutic efficacy against cholangiopathy in female but not male Cyp2c70 KO mice.

Cell type: Fibroblast | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Therapeutic reduction of hydrophobic bile acids exposure is considered beneficial in cholestasis. The Cyp2c70 KO mice lack hydrophilic muricholic acids and have a human-like hydrophobic bile acid pool resulting in hepatobiliary injury. This study investigates if combining an apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter inhibitor GSK2330672 (GSK) and fibroblast growth factor-15

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Novel dithiocarbamates selectively inhibit 3CL protease of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Since end of 2019, the global and unprecedented outbreak caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 led to dramatic numbers of infections and deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 produces two large viral polyproteins which are cleaved by two cysteine proteases encoded by the virus, the 3CL protease (3CL

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Disruption to tRNA Modification by Queuine Contributes to Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Cell type: Epithelial | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is the most extensively modified RNA in cells. Queuosine modification is a fundamental process for ensuring the fidelity and efficiency of translation from RNA to protein. In eukaryotes, Queuosine tRNA (Q-tRNA) modification relies on the intestinal microbial product queuine. However, the roles and potential mechanisms of Q-containing tRNA (Q-tRNA) modificati

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Enhanced mercury phytoremediation by Pseudomonodictys pantanalensis sp. nov. A73 and Westerdykella aquatica P71.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Mercury is a non-essential and toxic metal that induces toxicity in most organisms, but endophytic fungi can develop survival strategies to tolerate and respond to metal contaminants and other environmental stressors. The present study demonstrated the potential of mercury-resistant endophytic fungi in phytoremediation. We examined the functional traits involved in plant growth

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Identification of a Novel Interferon Lambda Splice Variant in Chickens.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Type III interferons (IFNLs) have critical roles in the host's innate immune system, also serving as the first line against pathogenic infections of mucosal surfaces. In mammals, several IFNLs have been reported; however, only limited data on the repertoire of IFNLs in avian species is available. Previous studies showed only one member in chicken (chIFNL3). Herein, we identifie

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Cellular states are coupled to genomic and viral heterogeneity in HPV-related oropharyngeal carcinoma.

Cell type: Epithelial | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) includes a subset of cancers driven by human papillomavirus (HPV). Here we use single-cell RNA-seq to profile both HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharyngeal tumors, uncovering a high level of cellular diversity within and between tumors. First, we detect diverse chromosomal aberrations within individual tumors, suggesting genomic

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ADAR1 Biology Can Hinder Effective Antiviral RNA Interference.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Viruses constantly evolve and adapt to the antiviral defenses of their hosts. The biology of viral circumvention of these selective pressures can often be attributed to the acquisition of novel antagonistic gene products or by rapid genome change that prevents host recognition. To study viral evasion of RNA interference (RNAi)-based defenses, we established a robust antiviral s

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Genes expression in

Cell type: Bacteria | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

<i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus,</i> the causative agent of Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), was discovered in 2013 as a unique isolate that produces toxins and kills penaeid shrimps in devasting nature in Bangladesh and causes severe economic losses. This research aimed to understand the expressions of immune genes in different stages of the host species, <i>Penaeus

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Chamigrane-Type Sesquiterpenes from

Cell type: Macrophage | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

<i>Naegleria fowleri</i> is an opportunistic protozoon that can be found in warm water bodies. It is the causative agent of the primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. Focused on our interest to develop promising lead structures for the development of antiparasitic agents, this study was aimed at identifying new anti-<i>Naegleria</i> marine natural products from a collection of ch

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The

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Fungal plant pathogens can present major problems for most crop species. Currently, control of fungal diseases relies heavily on the use of fungicides. However, there are problems associated with fungicide use, including potential toxicity to non-target organisms and the development of resistance in the target fungus. New strategies are being sought to reduce fungicide use. One

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Degradation of EGFR on lung epithelial cells by neutrophil elastase contributes to the aggravation of pneumococcal pneumonia.

Cell type: Epithelial | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Pneumococcus is the main cause of bacterial pneumonia. Pneumococcal infection has been shown to cause elastase, an intracellular host defense factor, to leak from neutrophils. However, when neutrophil elastase (NE) leaks extracellularly, it can degrade host cell surface proteins such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and potentially disrupt the alveolar epithelial barr

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Identification of the pore-forming and binding domains of the Sneathia vaginalis cytopathogenic toxin A.

Cell type: Epithelial | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

The association between Sneathia vaginalis and preterm birth is emerging. The Gram-negative anaerobe produces a large exotoxin, the cytopathogenic toxin A (CptA), that forms pores in human epithelial cells and red blood cells. The structure of the toxin has not been determined, but in silico analysis predicts that a large amino-terminal region of the protein is globular and sep

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G protein-coupled receptor 183 mediates the sensitization of Burkitt lymphoma tumors to CD47 immune checkpoint blockade by anti-CD20/PI3Kδi dual therapy.

Cell type: B cell | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Immunotherapy-based regimens have considerably improved the survival rate of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) patients in the last decades; however, most disease subtypes remain almost incurable. TG-1801, a bispecific antibody that targets CD47 selectively on CD19+ B-cells, is under clinical evaluation in relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-NHL patients either as a single-agent or i

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TXNIP contributes to induction of pro-inflammatory phenotype and caspase-3 activation in astrocytes during Alzheimer's diseases.

Cell type: Neuron | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are associated with neuronal death in AD. Astrocytes are linked to neuroinflammation during AD. Astrocytes are important contributors to AD progression. Although the role of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) has been identifie

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A cytokine-induced spheroid-based

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Given the lack of

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Cationic Microbubbles for Non-Selective Binding of Cavitation Nuclei to Bacterial Biofilms.

Cell type: Bacteria | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

The presence of multi-drug resistant biofilms in chronic, persistent infections is a major barrier to successful clinical outcomes of therapy. The production of an extracellular matrix is a characteristic of the biofilm phenotype, intrinsically linked to antimicrobial tolerance. The heterogeneity of the extracellular matrix makes it highly dynamic, with substantial differences

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Co-cultures of colon cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts recapitulate the aggressive features of mesenchymal-like colon cancer.

Cell type: Fibroblast | Technique: Confocal / fluorescence | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Poor prognosis in colon cancer is associated with a high content of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The relationship between these two features is incompletely understood. Here, we aimed to generate a model system for studying the interaction between cancer cells and CAFs and their effect on immune-related cytokines and T ce

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Luteolin Isolated from

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, addressed the lack of specific antiviral drugs against coronaviruses. In this study, bioguided fractionation performed on both ethyl acetate and aqueous sub-extracts of

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A motif in the 5'untranslated region of messenger RNAs regulates protein synthesis in a S6 kinase-dependent manner.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

The 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of protein synthesis. We had previously identified a group of mRNAs that includes human semaphorin 7A (SEMA7A) whose translation is upregulated by the Erk/p90S6K pathway in human eosinophils, with a potential negative impact in asthma and airway inflammation. In the current stu

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Transgenic mice lacking FGF15/19-SHP phosphorylation display altered bile acids and gut bacteria, promoting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Cell type: Fibroblast | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Dysregulated bile acid (BA)/lipid metabolism and gut bacteria dysbiosis are tightly associated with the development of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The orphan nuclear receptor, Small Heterodimer Partner (SHP/NR0B2), is a key regulator of BA/lipid metabolism, and its gene-regulating function is markedly enhanced by phosphorylation at Thr-58 mediated by

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Three induced pluripotent stem cell lines (TRNDi033-A, TRNDi034-A, TRNDi035-A) generated from lymphoblasts of three apparently healthy individuals.

Cell type: Stem cell | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Expanded human lymphoblast cells from three different aged healthy individuals, 8-year-old male, 0-year-old newborn (NB) male, and 26-year-old female, were used to generate induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines TRNDi033-A, TRNDi034-A and TRNDi035-A, respectively, by exogenous expression of five reprogramming factors, human OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, L-MYC and LIN28. The authenticit

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Removal of senescent cells reduces the viral load and attenuates pulmonary and systemic inflammation in SARS-CoV-2-infected, aged hamsters.

Cell type: T cell | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Older age is one of the strongest risk factors for severe COVID-19. In this study, we determined whether age-associated cellular senescence contributes to the severity of experimental COVID-19. Aged golden hamsters accumulate senescent cells in the lungs, and the senolytic drug ABT-263, a BCL-2 inhibitor, depletes these cells at baseline and during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Relativ

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Effects of pH alteration on respiratory syncytial virus in human airway epithelial cells.

Cell type: Epithelial | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory distress and hospitalisation in the paediatric population. Low airway surface pH impairs antimicrobial host defence and worsens airway inflammation. Inhaled Optate safely raises airway surface pH in humans and raises intracellular pH in primary human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) We cultured HAECs from health

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Identification of a small-molecule inhibitor that selectively blocks DNA-binding by Trypanosoma brucei replication protein A1.

Cell type: Parasite | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Replication Protein A (RPA) is a broadly conserved complex comprised of the RPA1, 2 and 3 subunits. RPA protects the exposed single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) during DNA replication and repair. Using structural modeling, we discover an inhibitor, JC-229, that targets RPA1 in Trypanosoma brucei, the causative parasite of African trypanosomiasis. The inhibitor is highly toxic to T. bru

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Establishment of a CPER reverse genetics system for Powassan virus defines attenuating NS1 glycosylation sites and an infectious NS1-GFP11 reporter virus.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Powassan virus (POWV) is an emerging tick-borne Flavivirus that causes lethal encephalitis and long-term neurologic damage. Currently, there are no POWV therapeutics, licensed vaccines, or reverse genetics systems for producing infectious POWVs from recombinant DNA. Using a circular polymerase extension reaction (CPER), we generated recombinant LI9 (recLI9) POWVs with attenuati

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Generation of a recombinant Saffold Virus expressing UnaG as a marker for the visualization of viral infection.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Saffold virus (SAFV), which belongs to the genus Cardiovirus of the family Picornaviridae, is associated with acute respiratory or gastrointestinal illnesses in children; it is also suspected to cause severe diseases, such as acute flaccid paralysis and aseptic meningitis. However, the understanding of the mechanism of its pathogenicity is still limited due to the many unknowns

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Ixeris dentata and Lactobacillus gasseri media protect against periodontitis through Nrf2-HO-1 signalling pathway.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Periodontitis is an infectious inflammation in the gums characterized by loss of periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone. Its persistent inflammation could result in tooth loss and other health issues. Ixeris dentata (IXD) and Lactobacillus gasseri media (LGM) demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, which may prevent oxidative and inflammatory periodontitis. Here, IXD and LGM

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Influence of food emulsifiers on cellular function and inflammation, a preliminary study.

Cell type: Macrophage | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Emulsifiers are extensively used as food additives and their consumption is increasing in Western countries. However, so far only few studies examined their potential effects on intestinal cellular functions and gut inflammation. The aim of this preliminary analysis was to study the emulsifiers and their concentrations capable of causing cellular damage compared to extra virgin

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Novel Quinazoline Derivative Induces Differentiation of Keratinocytes and Enhances Skin Barrier Functions against Th2 Cytokine-Mediated Signaling.

Cell type: Keratinocyte | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritic lesions and skin barrier dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a quinazoline derivative, SH-340, on TSLP expression and signaling in human primary keratinocytes. Our results demonstrated that SH-340 significantly increased factors for differentiation and skin barrier function

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The Immunogenicity and Properties of a Whole-Cell ETEC Vaccine Inactivated with Psoralen and UVA Light in Comparison to Formalin.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Inactivated whole-cell vaccines present a full repertoire of antigens to the immune system. Formalin treatment, a standard method for microbial inactivation, can modify or destroy protein antigenic epitopes. We tested the hypothesis that photochemical inactivation with psoralen and UVA light (PUVA), which targets nucleic acid, would improve the immunogenicity of an Enterotoxige

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Assessing MAPPs assay as a tool to predict the immunogenicity potential of protein therapeutics.

Cell type: T cell | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

MHC-II-associated peptide proteomics (MAPPs) is a mass spectrometry-based (MS) method to identify naturally presented MHC-II-associated peptides that could elicit CD4+T cell activation. MAPPs assay is considered one of the assays that better characterize the safety of biotherapeutics by driving the selection of the best candidates concerning their immunogenicity risk. However,

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Factors Influencing Marker Expressions of Cultured Human Cord Blood-Derived Mast Cells.

Cell type: Stem cell | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Mast cells (MCs) are tissue-resident immune cells of a hematopoietic origin that play vital roles in innate and adaptive immunity. Human MCs can be isolated and differentiated from various tissue sources, including cord blood, when supplemented with cytokines such as stem cell factor, interleukin 3, and interleukin 6. Our current research study has shown significant differences

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The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species, Inflammation, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in the Finasteride Protective Effect against Benign Prostate Hyperplasia.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is a common age-related chronic condition. Its pathogenesis involves androgen imbalance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This study aims to assess the protective effect of finasteride, a 5α-reductase inhibitor, against testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH in rats and explore its potential mechanism of

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Modulation of Influenza A virus NS1 expression reveals prioritization of host response antagonism at single-cell resolution.

Cell type: Epithelial | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Influenza A virus (IAV) is an important human respiratory pathogen that causes significant seasonal epidemics and potential devastating pandemics. As part of its life cycle, IAV encodes the multifunctional protein NS1, that, among many roles, prevents immune detection and limits interferon (IFN) production. As distinct host immune pathways exert different selective pressures ag

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Engineering Cell-Derived Nanovesicles for Targeted Immunomodulation.

Cell type: Stem cell | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show promise for targeted drug delivery but face production challenges with low yields. Cell-derived nanovesicles (CDNVs) made by reconstituting cell membranes could serve as EV substitutes. In this study, CDNVs were generated from mesenchymal stem cells by extrusion. Their proteomic composition, in vitro and in vivo toxicity, and capacity for loadi

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A Novel Polysaccharide from

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most economically important pathogens in the global swine industry over the past three decades. There is no licensed antiviral medication that can effectively control this infection. In the present study, the structure of SP-1 isolated and purified from

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cccDNA-Targeted Drug Screen Reveals a Class of Antihistamines as Suppressors of HBV Genome Levels.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is incurable, as the current therapeutics cannot eliminate its persistent genomic material, cccDNA. Screening systems for cccDNA-targeting therapeutics are unavailable, as low copies of cccDNA in vitro complicate detection. To address this, cccDNA copies were massively increased to levels detectable via automated plate readers. Thi

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The DNA-binding induced (de)AMPylation activity of a Coxiella burnetii Fic enzyme targets Histone H3.

Cell type: T cell | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

The intracellular bacterial pathogen Coxiella burnetii evades the host response by secreting effector proteins that aid in establishing a replication-friendly niche. Bacterial filamentation induced by cyclic AMP (Fic) enzymes can act as effectors by covalently modifying target proteins with the posttranslational AMPylation by transferring adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from aden

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The KxGxYR and DxE motifs in the C-tail of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus membrane protein are crucial for infectious virus assembly.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

The coronavirus' (CoV) membrane (M) protein is the driving force during assembly, but this process remains poorly characterized. Previously, we described two motifs in the C-tail of the Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) M protein involved in its endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit (

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A hybridized mechano-electroporation technique for efficient immune cell engineering.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

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Persistent paramyxovirus infections: in co-infections the parainfluenza virus type 5 persistent phenotype is dominant over the lytic phenotype.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Parainfluenza virus type 5 (PIV5) can either have a persistent or a lytic phenotype in cultured cells. We have previously shown that the phenotype is determined by the phosphorylation status of the phosphoprotein (P). Single amino acid substitutions at critical residues, including a serine-to-phenylalanine substitution at position 157 on P, result in a switch between persistent

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Fungal drops: a novel approach for macro- and microscopic analyses of fungal mycelial growth.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

This study presents an inexpensive approach for the macro- and microscopic observation of fungal mycelial growth. The 'fungal drops' method allows to investigate the development of a mycelial network in filamentous microorganisms at the colony and hyphal scales. A heterogeneous environment is created by depositing 15-20 µl drops on a hydrophobic surface at a fixed distance. Thi

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Caspase-8 activation by cigarette smoke induces pro-inflammatory cell death of human macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide.

Cell type: Macrophage | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Cigarette smoking impairs the lung innate immune response making smokers more susceptible to infections and severe symptoms. Dysregulation of cell death is emerging as a key player in chronic inflammatory conditions. We have recently reported that short exposure of human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) altered the TLR4-dependent response to

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Disease-associated AIOLOS variants lead to immune deficiency/dysregulation by haploinsufficiency and redefine AIOLOS functional domains.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

AIOLOS, also known as IKZF3, is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in the lymphoid lineage and is critical for lymphocyte differentiation and development. Here, we report on 9 individuals from 3 unrelated families carrying AIOLOS variants Q402* or E82K, which led to AIOLOS haploinsufficiency through different mechanisms of action. Nonsense mutant Q402* displayed ab

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Anti-viral effect of usenamine a using SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-typed viruses.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

The escalating pandemic brought about by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus is threatening global health, and thus, it is necessary to develop effective antiviral drugs. Usenamine A is a dibenzo-furan derivative separated from lichen Usnea diffracta showing broad-spectrum activity against different viruses. We evaluate that usenamine A has antiviral effects against novel SARS-CoV-2 Del

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