EVOS M5000 in Infectious Disease & Immunology: Independent Studies — Wave 3 Part 6

Peer-reviewed studies discovered independently of Thermo Fisher's curated EVOS M5000 citations. Each paper was full-text verified to mention the EVOS M5000 Imaging System as a microscope. Cards link to Google Scholar, PubMed, PMC and DOI.

EVOS M5000IndependentWave 3

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Xenosiderophore transporter gene expression and clade-specific filamentation in Candida auris killifish (Aphanius dispar) infection.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Candida auris is a critical priority fungal pathogen (World Health Organization). Clinical management is challenging, with high associated mortality, rapidly increasing antifungal resistance, and frequent nosocomial outbreaks. A critical bottleneck in understanding virulence is the lack of gene expression profiling models during infection. We developed a fish embryo yolk-sac mi

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Molecular basis of ApoER2-mediated Semliki Forest virus entry.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

The very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) serve as entry receptors for the Semliki Forest virus (SFV). VLDLR interacts with the SFV E1 domain III (DIII) through multiple LDLR class A (LA) domains. However, the ApoER2-mediated SFV entry mechanism remains unclear. Here, we perform biochemical and cellular results and determine the

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CRISPR editing of HPFH3 genotype induces γ-globin expression and reverses sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia phenotypes.

Cell type: T cell | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Hereditary persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin (HPFH) is a benign condition known to mitigate symptoms in individuals with co-inherited β-hemoglobinopathies, such as β-thalassemia (BT) and sickle cell disease (SCD), through the reactivation of fetal hemoglobin (HbF). HPFH typically arises from deletions of varying sizes affecting the β-globin gene cluster or point mutations in the

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IKAROS regulates human T cell phenotype at a thymic and postthymic level.

Cell type: T cell | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

The transcription factor IKAROS, encoded by IKZF1, is crucial for lymphocyte development and differentiation. Germline heterozygous IKZF1 mutations cause B cell immunodeficiency, but also affect T cells. Patients with IKZF1 haploinsufficiency (HI) or dimerization-defective (DD) variants show reduced naive and increased memory T cells, while dominant-negative (DN) mutations resu

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Potent surface antimicrobial activity of hydrolyzable tannins from Aleppo oak galls.

Cell type: Bacteria | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Surface antimicrobial agents provide a first line of defense against pathogens, especially for immunocompromised individuals. Insect-induced plant galls, tumor-like structures formed on plant surfaces by insect larvae, have long been used as sources of antimicrobial compounds. Building on existing knowledge, this study evaluated the surface antimicrobial activity of a standardi

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Bacteria-responsive DNAgel system for targeted delivery of photothermally enhanced MXene/MoS

Cell type: Bacteria | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Pyogenic osteomyelitis (POM) presents significant clinical challenges due to persistent infections and impaired bone regeneration. Here, we developed a bacteria-responsive MXene/MoS

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Cantu syndrome-associated SUR2[H60Y] mutation confers selective gain of function on Kir6.1 ATP-sensitive potassium channels.

Cell type: T cell | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in either Kir6.1 (encoded by KCNJ8) or SUR2 (encoded by ABCC9) are causally associated with Cantu syndrome (CS), characterized by coarse facial appearance, hypertrichosis, and multiple cardiovascular abnormalities. To date, all SUR2 mutations identified in association with CS have demonstrated GOF because of reduced ATP sensitivity using patch-c

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Spinal Mincle activation as a new model of neuroinflammation-associated neuropathic pain: comparison with spinal nerve ligation.

Cell type: Macrophage | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

The spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model induces neuropathic pain through peripheral nerve injury, leading to central sensitization and neuroinflammation. Recent evidence suggests that activation of Mincle (macrophage-inducible C-type lectin) in the spinal cord may also trigger pain hypersensitivity without peripheral nerve injury. This study compared the effects of SNL and spinal

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SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 induces the m

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Viruses hijack the host translation machinery to facilitate their replication by disturbing the host translation. SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 is known to inhibit host translation, yet the mechanistic details are still obscure. In this study, we report that nsp14 can elevate stress granules (SG) formation in a N7-methyltransferase activity-dependent manner. ER/Golgi localized nsp14 promote

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Construction and Immunogenicity Evaluation of a Recombinant Fowlpox Virus Expressing VP2 Gene of African Horse Sickness Virus Serotype 1.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

African horse sickness (AHS) is a lethal vector-borne disease caused by African horse sickness virus (AHSV) and represents a major threat to equine health and the horse industry. In 2020, outbreaks of AHS caused by AHSV serotype 1 (AHSV-1) were reported in Thailand, increasing the risk of AHS introduction into China. Given the safety issues associated with currently available l

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Structural and functional characterization of the antigenicity of influenza A virus hemagglutinin subtype H15.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Avian H15 influenza viruses are closely related to H7 viruses, but only 22 H15 sequences have been reported since 1987, suggesting both rarity and minimal antigenic variation. Here, we characterized a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) raised against the A/wedge-tailed shearwater/Western Australia/2576/1979 ancestral strain, and a human mAb isolated from an H7N9 vaccin

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Protection against lethal canine distemper virus infection by a dual epitope-targeting synthetic antibody.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Despite vaccine availability, the morbilliviruses measles virus and canine distemper virus (CDV) are still causing major health impairments in human and animal populations. Here, we identified two potent, neutralizing single domain antibodies directed against the tetrameric receptor binding (H) protein of CDV. Structural analyses spotlighted two vulnerable sites within the H pr

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Complete transition from chromosomal to cytoplasmic sex determination during prolonged Wolbachia symbiosis.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Wolbachia infection causes male-specific death in Ostrinia furnacalis, but its removal from infected strains results in female-specific death instead of restoring 1:1 sex ratio, suggesting that cytoplasmic Wolbachia, not the host genome, primarily determines femaleness in infected strains. This phenomenon is a striking example of the evolutionary outcome of cytoplasmic sex dete

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A VLP-based mRNA vaccine elicits potent humoral and cellular immunity against Oropouche virus.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Oropouche virus (OROV) is reemerging in the Americas, along with a growing threat to global public health. Recent outbreaks have witnessed the first reported fatalities, vertical transmissions, and intercontinental importations of OROV, underscoring its expanding risk. Despite this, no vaccines or specific therapeutics are available, and fundamental research on OROV vaccinology

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The newly developed porcine-origin parainfluenza virus PIV5-JS17 serves as an exogenous gene delivery system for swine.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Emerging and re-emerging swine viral infectious diseases impose substantial economic burdens. Additionally, swine, which frequently interact with humans, may facilitate virus evolution, posing a risk to public health security. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop safe, effective, and rapid vaccine platforms, with vector vaccine being a viable option. In this study,

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Recombinant vaccinia vectored ASFV vaccine enhances swine survival against genotype II challenge.

Cell type: T cell | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

The African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) poses a major threat to global livestock production by infecting both domestic and wild pigs, causing significant economic loss. Despite promising protective results observed with live attenuated viruses, the safety concern blocked its extensive application. In this study, we developed a novel vaccine combining two recombinant vaccinia virus

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Proof of concept: targeted protein degradation of the stress granules component G3BP1 as an antiviral strategy against norovirus infection.

Cell type: Bacteria | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Human norovirus (HNoV) is a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, for which no antiviral therapies exist to date. Previously, our lab has demonstrated that both HNoV and murine norovirus (MNV1) are highly dependent on the expression of the Ras-GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (G3BP1), a cellular protein mostly involved in the assembly of stress granules. We, ther

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A 3D Alginate-Gelatin Co-Culture Model to Study Epithelial-Stromal Interactions in the Gut.

Cell type: Fibroblast | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) arises from chronic dysregulation at the epithelial-stromal interface, creating a need for in vitro systems that better capture these interactions. In this study, we developed a 3D co-culture platform in which HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells and IMR-90 fibroblasts are embedded within an alginate-gelatin hydrogel, alongside a complementary inte

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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage Polarization: Comparison of Matrix-Bound and Small Extracellular Vesicles.

Cell type: Macrophage | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Macrophages play a crucial role in regulating immune responses, inflammation, and tissue repair. Depending on environmental cues, they polarize into pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory, pro-regenerative M2 phenotypes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as key mediators of intercellular communication and immune modul

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In Vitro Assessment of Ventricular Catheters with a Multilayered Fibrous Web to Prevent Cellular Occlusion.

Cell type: T cell | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Hydrocephalus management generally requires the implantation of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt system that includes a ventricular catheter, a mechanical valve to regulate CSF flow, and a distal catheter that diverts the CSF to another site in the body, most commonly the peritoneal cavity. Despite advancements, approximately 40% of these shunts fail within two years, primaril

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DNA damage induced by HIV-1 Vpr triggers epigenetic remodeling and transcriptional programs to enhance virus transcription and latency reactivation.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Hijacking of host DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways to facilitate virus replication is broadly conserved amongst diverse viral families. It has been well established that the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr induces constitutive DDR signaling and G2/M cell cycle arrest, but the virologic function of this activity remains unclear. Here, we use a combination of functional, pharmacologi

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Genome-wide CRISPR screening identifies Annexin A1 as a facilitator of porcine astrovirus entry.

Cell type: Epithelial | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Porcine astrovirus (PAstV) is an important and widespread pathogen in swine, linked to diarrheal outbreaks and extraintestinal disease. How PAstV enters host cells has remained unclear, and no cellular factor has been defined for PAstV entry. Here, a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screen in porcine epithelial cells identifies Annexin A1 (ANXA1) as a host factor that f

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Genetic ablation of interleukin-17A augments fibrosis in a mouse model of cholestatic liver injury.

Cell type: Fibroblast | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

The underlying mechanisms contributing to cholestatic liver injury remain unclear. The pro-inflammatory leukocyte-restricted cytokine interleukin-17A (IL-17A) has been implicated in human cholestatic liver injury. However, mechanistic insights are lacking and require further exploration in preclinical models. Herein, we examined the effect of IL-17A genetic ablation in a mouse

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M2 polarization of macrophage induced by IL-33 promotes mouse sciatic nerve regeneration.

Cell type: Macrophage | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Peripheral nerve injury is a common condition that imposes a significant burden on both society and patients, remaining a key focus in basic research. IL-33, a member of the IL-1 family, plays an important role in tissue repair following various injuries. This study aims to investigate the role and mechanism of IL-33 in peripheral nerve regeneration. Transcriptome sequencing, W

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Skipjack tuna bone derived biocalcium ameliorates C2C12 myotube atrophy through microRNA29b regulation.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

We investigated the protective effects of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) bone-derived biocalcium (Bio) against dexamethasone-induced atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. Bio rescued atrophic morphology, increasing myotube diameter dose-dependently. It mitigated inflammation by suppressing nitric oxide production and the expression and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6,

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The Immunogenicity of Human Senescent Cells Is Dependent on the Senescence Inducer and Cell Type.

Cell type: Fibroblast | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Senescent cells accumulate with age and after exposure to various stresses, contributing to chronic diseases and cancer, effects largely driven by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Recent evidence indicates that a subset of senescent cells exhibits immunogenic properties. However, the extent to which immunogenicity depends on the cell type and the senescence

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Mucopenetrative Lipid-Polymer nanoparticles show Potent Anti-Inflammatory activity in a human Lung-on-Chip model.

Cell type: Fibroblast | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Airway mucus presents a significant barrier to inhaled drug delivery, particularly for nanoparticle-based interventions, with this barrier exacerbated in chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) due to hyperviscous secretions and persistent inflammation. In this study, a dual-functional lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticle was developed to combine rapid mucolysis with sustained anti-in

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comBO: A combined human bone and lympho-myeloid bone marrow organoid for preclinical modeling of hematopoietic disorders.

Cell type: Macrophage | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

The bone marrow is the primary site of blood and immune cell production in postnatal life. Current human models do not capture lympho-myeloid hematopoiesis and the stromal diversity needed for lifelong blood and immune maintenance. Here, we introduce comBO (combined bone and lympho-myeloid bone marrow organoid), a scalable induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived system tha

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Structural characterization of recombinant humanized type III collagen cold gel and its effects on the biological functions of HaCaT cells.

Cell type: T cell | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Recombinant humanized collagen has been widely used in the biomedical field. This study focuses on the characterization of a novel recombinant humanized type III collagen cold gel (C3Gel). To verify the structural integrity of C3Gel and explore its

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Membrane Dysfunction as a Central Mechanism in LRRK2-Associated Parkinson's Disease: Comparative Analysis of G2019S and I1371V Variants.

Cell type: B cell | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are among the most common genetic causes of Parkinson's disease (PD), yet substantial heterogeneity exists among pathogenic variants. How mutations in distinct functional domains of LRRK2 differentially perturb cellular homeostasis remains incompletely understood. Here, we compared two pathogenic LRRK2 mutations-G2019S in the ki

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Vaccination with Lipid Nanoparticle-Delivered VP2-DNA Elicits Immune Protection in Chickens Against Novel Variant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (nVarIBDV).

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute and highly contagious immunosuppressive disease in chickens caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). In recent years, a novel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV) has emerged and spread widely, inducing severe immunosuppression and posing a substantial threat to the poultry industry. More importantly, owing to antigenic variations, nVarIB

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Fatal Systemic Granulomatous Disease Associated with Vaccine-Derived Rubella Virus in AIOLOS-Associated Immunodeficiency.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

We present a case of disseminated granulomatous disease associated with live attenuated vaccine-derived rubella virus (VDRV) in an immunodeficient patient who subsequently developed fatal multi-organ failure, including neurological deficits, with VDRV detected in the cerebrospinal fluid. Posthumous genetic analysis found a heterozygous missense mutation in IKZF3, a gene where h

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Identification and engineering of highly functional potyviral proteases in cells using co-evolutionary models.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Efficiency and substrate specificity of proteases in the Potyviridae family have not been comprehensively profiled. Here we develop a model that learns co-evolutionary features to accurately predict and experimentally validate protease performance at single amino-acid resolution. We identify and engineer several proteases that perform better than the commercially available toba

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Development and validation of a DNA-launched, intron-stabilized Langat virus infectious clone and reporter viruses.

Cell type: Bacteria | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Langat virus (LGTV) is a tick-borne member of the Flaviviridae family and a biosafety level 2 surrogate for studying tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) replication and pathogenesis. Here, we report the construction of a plasmid encoding a human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) promoter-driven LGTV cDNA that initiates infection following direct transfection of mammalian cells. Incorpora

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Precision-Cut Bladder Slices: A Novel Model for the Study of Bladder Fibrosis and Potential Anti-Fibrotic Agents.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Precision-cut tissue slice culture is an innovative ex vivo approach for studying fibrosis pathogenesis. Here, we report for the first time the use of human precision-cut bladder slices (PCBS) to investigate fibrotic changes and evaluate anti-fibrotic compounds. Fresh bladder tissue was obtained from 16 patients undergoing surgery for non-fibrotic conditions and 7 patients with

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Proteomic mapping of Rosa damascena nanovesicles reveals plastid mitochondrial metabolic convergence and antimicrobial peptides.

Cell type: Macrophage | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

<i>Rosa damascena</i> exhibits diverse biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and skin-protective effects, largely attributed through its rich phytochemical composition. In parallel, plant-derived nanovesicles (PD-NVs) have emerged as natural nanocarriers that transport bioactive cargos capable of modul

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IL-17RA signaling promotes the dedifferentiation of Paneth progenitors through ADAM17 to regenerate gut epithelium post-irradiation.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Paneth cells and their antimicrobial products are critical in mediating small intestinal host defense under homeostatic conditions and after injury or infection. In addition, Paneth cells have also been shown to gain stem-like properties and repropagate intestinal crypts after intestinal injury. The specific role of intestinal IL-17A or its receptor (IL-17RA) signaling in Panet

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Virus-induced gene editing of stomatal regulators in Nicotiana benthamiana enables rapid functional genomics.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Virus-induced gene editing (VIGE) holds promise as a rapid and scalable approach for functional genomics in plants. Here, we apply a tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based single-guide RNA (sgRNA) delivery system to target key regulators of stomatal development in Nicotiana benthamiana using transgenic Cas9-expressing lines. sgRNAs fused to a mobile RNA element and co-delivered with

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A hybrid polymeric system for pulmonary mRNA delivery: Advancing mucosal vaccine development.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Effective pulmonary messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination requires delivery systems capable of overcoming the airway barrier and efficiently transfecting pulmonary antigen-presenting cells. Here, we developed a hybrid polymeric system incorporating poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) and poly(β-amino esters) (PBAEs) to enhance pulmonary mRNA delivery. The components acted through a

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Taming autoimmunity: Alpha-1 antitrypsin overexpressing mesenchymal stromal cells promote regulatory T cell crosstalk to reverse diabetes.

Cell type: T cell | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) therapy holds promise as a therapeutic option in diabetes treatment. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities are enhanced when MSCs are engineered to overexpress alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT-MSCs). Because a single infusion of AAT-MSCs reversed new-onset diabetes in over 50% of the female non-obese diabetic mice, we used single-cell RNA

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Genomic instability and mono-parental expression mitigate genomic shock in a cross-subgenus

Cell type: Parasite | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Hybridization, the merging of distinct genomes, is increasingly recognized as a major evolutionary force among eukaryotic pathogens, including facultatively sexual protist parasites like

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Silk cryogel and electrospun scaffold characterization for bone-tendon interface applications.

Cell type: T cell | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Hard-to-soft tissue interfaces, such as bone-tendon or bone-ligament junctions, remain a challenge to treat. Low healing success rates stem from the complexities at the interface, creating an urgent need for better models to elucidate the properties that enable these junctions to withstand complex mechanical loads and to function as hubs for crosstalk among different cell popul

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Immune protection in chickens via lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated VP2 DNA vaccine against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Infectious bursal disease (IBD), caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), is an acute and highly contagious avian infection that primarily causes severe immunosuppression in chickens. Since the 1980s, very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) has triggered a global crisis in the poultry industry due to its high mortality. Although IBD has become largely sporadic in recent years foll

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Multi-parametric profiling of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles reveals a disease-associated molecular signature supporting a liquid biopsy approach in myelofibrosis.

Cell type: Fibroblast | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

BACKGROUND: Myelofibrosis (MF) is a rare and severe myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by bone marrow fibrosis, cytopenia, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and systemic inflammation. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in MF pathogenesis by promoting fibrotic remodeling and supporting malignant clone survival. Among the key mediators of intercellular commu

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Majoon Ushba alleviated IL-17A sensitized keratinocyte ferroptosis via JAK-2-STAT-3 signaling axis and reversed imiquimod induced psoriasiform inflammation.

Cell type: Keratinocyte | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Psoriasis is a relapsing autoimmune disease exacerbated by aberrant interleukin (IL)-17 A activity. Majoon Ushba, a unani polyherbal formulation implicated in clinical cases of psoriasis lacks immunopharmacological validation. The study aims to investigate the pre-clinical efficacy of Majoon Ushba and its therapeutic role in mitigating IL-17A-induced keratinocytes ferroptosis H

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Effects of illite or bentonite on cytotoxicity, antibacterial and adsorption capacity in porcine intestinal epithelial cells.

Cell type: Epithelial | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

This study investigated the cytotoxicity of illite and bentonite using porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) as a primary screening verification method for the effect of supplementing illite and bentonite. Also, it evaluated the antibacterial activity and adsorption capacity of illite and bentonite by infecting IPEC-J2 cells with pathogenic

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Mammarenaviruses depend on endogenous fatty acid synthesis in cell culture systems.

Cell type: T cell | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Lassa virus (LASV) and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) are Old World mammarenaviruses that, like all viruses, rely on host-derived biological molecules to complete their replication cycle. Identifying host factors essential for mammarenavirus replication may reveal novel targets for antiviral intervention. To this end, we found that replication of recombinant tri-segm

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Antimicrobial efficacy and cytotoxic assessment of plasma-activated water generated by a dielectric barrier discharge microbubble system.

Cell type: Biological samples | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

The growing threat of antimicrobial resistance has intensified the search for alternative disinfection strategies. Plasma-activated water (PAW), enriched with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), has emerged as a promising non-antibiotic antimicrobial approach. In this study, PAW was generated using a bench-scale dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor coupled with a

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Tumor-like proliferation of CCM3 knockout endothelial cells: insights from semaxinib treatment and transcriptome profiling of co-cultures.

Cell type: Endothelial | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular lesions associated with severe neurological complications. Increasing evidence suggests that cancer-like mechanisms, like an abnormal expansion of CCM3 knockout (KO) endothelial cells (ECs) in co-culture with wild-type (WT) cells, contribute to lesion formation. Yet, the underlying processes remain poorly understood. Here, we

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Small RNA genomics of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes discovers infectious viruses that trigger an RNA interference response.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

We report a global survey of viral small RNAs (vsmRNAs) from >200 Aedes aegypti samples to identify many mosquito viruses that actively infect this prominent arboviral vector. Ae. aegypti viruses in the Americas are abundant, with some displaying geographical boundaries. Viruses infecting Asian Ae. aegypti are similar to those in the Americas and reveal the first wild example o

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Identification of a novel N-terminal linear B-cell epitope on the FIPV nucleocapsid protein by a monoclonal antibody.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

BACKGROUND: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is difficult to diagnose in clinical practice and has a high mortality rate, which underscores the need for reliable and standardized diagnostic tools. The nucleocapsid (N) protein, a major viral structural component, is a preferred target for serological and pathological assays because it is highly abundant in infected cells and

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Rethinking viral vector quantification: a microfluidic approach to standardised functional titre assays.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

The quantification of lentiviral vector (LVV) potency via titration is a critical quality control step for cell and gene therapies. However, standard functional titre assays are fundamentally limited by an inability to detect multiple integration events, procedural variations, and, most critically, a mass transport limitation created by the fluid overlay in conventional well pl

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Outer Membrane Vesicles Mediate the Secretion and Nuclear Trafficking of a Bacterial Nucleomodulin.

Cell type: T cell | Technique: Confocal / fluorescence | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Nucleomodulins are a family of bacterial virulence proteins that traffic to the nucleus of host cells to disrupt nuclear processes and, in some cases, promote carcinogenesis. The mechanisms by which nucleomodulins are secreted and injected into host cells are not entirely clear. We hypothesised that bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs), also known as outer membrane vesicles,

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Dual role of Ninjurin-1 in myeloid cell adhesion and inflammation in relapse-remitting EAE.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Nerve Injury-Induced Protein 1 (Ninjurin-1) is an adhesion molecule implicated in inflammation and tissue injury, yet its role in neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) remains poorly defined. Here, we identify Ninjurin-1 as a marker and regulator of immune activation and CNS infiltration in relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (RR-E

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Role of Collection Media on the Biological Activity of Extracellular Vesicles From hTERT-Immortalised Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are promising cell-free therapeutics due to their ability to modulate immune responses, promote tissue repair and replicate many benefits of their parental cells. However, developing standardised, clinically translatable MSC-EV preparations remains difficult because of biological and technical variability. Facto

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Modulation of Inflammation and Gut Microbiota by a

Cell type: Epithelial | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

<b>Purpose</b>: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder strongly associated with intestinal microbial dysregulation. Although 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is widely used in the clinical management of IBD, its therapeutic efficacy is often limited. To address this, the present study aimed to develop a bifidobacterium-derived extracellular vesicle-bas

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SARS-CoV-2 infects olfactory neurons and basal stem cells and induces axonal degeneration through TRPV1 activation.

Cell type: Neuron | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Neurological complications such as anosmia are among the most frequent and persistent symptoms of COVID-19; yet, the mechanisms linking SARS-CoV-2 infection to sensory neuronal injury remain unclear. We demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 directly infects olfactory sensory neurons through ACE2 upregulation and stimulates basal stem cell proliferation, as shown in human iPSC-derived sen

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The 3'Untranslated region is a critical determinant of Getah virus replication, pathogenesis, and vector competence.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Getah virus (GETV), a mosquito-borne arbovirus of the Alphavirus genus, poses an emerging threat to livestock economies and public health, underscored by its expanding host range and association with recent outbreaks of heightened virulence. While the functional significance of the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) in alphavirus biology is recognized, its specific role in GETV rem

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Deciphering macrophage molecular responses to

Cell type: Macrophage | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Outer membrane vesicles released by Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-OMVs) are emerging as critical mediators of periodontal and systemic pathology. Published literature has so far associated the presence of OMVs to an increased risk of cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, but the molecular-scale mechanisms underlying their interactions with immune cells remain insuffici

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A stable subgenomic reporter coronavirus enables transcriptional profiling of bystander cells.

Cell type: Epithelial | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

Insertion of fluorescent reporter genes into viral genomes is a powerful tool for monitoring infection. In coronaviruses, this is commonly achieved by replacing accessory ORFs, thereby deleting endogenous gene functions. An alternative strategy is to manipulate viral RNA synthesis by inserting copies of the viral transcription regulatory sequence (TRS), which drives the transcr

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Extra gene coding capacity of SARS-CoV-2 provides a virus engineering platform for in vitro and in vivo applications.

Cell type: Cell culture models | Technique: Fluorescence imaging | Disease/area: Infectious Disease & Immunology

The genomic flexibility of orthocoronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is showcased by the presence of accessory genes, which vary in number among virus species and strains. Given this flexibility, the viral coding capacity can be artificially expanded to express a heterologous gene from the viral genome, thereby enabling the deve

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